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- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1008Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Australia and New Zealand, OceaniaCountries:AustraliaForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Using a mesh bag around the root ball and lower stem of the seedling at planting as a barrier to grazing insects 100% control was acheived at a lower cost.Alternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:RemovalPest Type:Insect
- Author(s):Worm, Loa DalgaardPublication Year:2023-07-04Source:Publication Type:PodcastCode:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier:Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:skillssustainabilityaction+ 8
- Author(s):Worm, LoaPublication Year:2020-07-09Source:Publication Type:Podcast, Recording, oralCode:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international938Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:COVID-19 responsevirtual auditsvirtual collaboration+ 4
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1009Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsActive Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Cultivation (ploughing): Site cultivation can improve growth conditions by disturbance of existing pest plants, cultivation of the soil and compaction relief. However it does not avoid herbicide use as cultivation also stimulates competing weed vegetation. Used in combination with an appropriate herbicide application, site cultivation can reduce the number of herbicide applications required.Alternative Trial:YesAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:ReductionPest Type:Weed
- Author(s):Worm, Loa DalgaardPublication Year:2022-07-08Source:Publication Type:PodcastCode:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international939Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:Value chain developmentrubberNon timber forest products+ 8
- Author(s):Worm, Loa DalgaardPublication Year:2021-11-01Source:Publication Type:Podcast, Recording, oralCode:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international940Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:FSC general assembly 2021general assemblyMembers+ 8
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1010Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:South America, Latin America and the CaribbeanCountries:BrazilForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:A simple but highly effective method for preventing damage from yellow beetles in Brazil is to leave sprouting tree stumps in plantations (at least two months before adult beetles appear). Seedlings are planted among leftover, sprouting tree stumps. Beetles preferentially feed on sprouts ('pull plants') and are distracted from the young seedlings (Anjos & Majer 2003).21 This method gave good results in all cases where beetle density was not high enough to consume the foliage of sprouts on stumps. It is likely to be also effective with various other beetle species. A research institute in Portugal, RAIZ, has been studying this simple and highly effective alternative for several years. They found that Eucalyptus weevils (Gonipterus scutellatus) can be effectively managed by cutting several Eucalyptus trees and leaving the cut tree stumps in plantations. The Eucalyptus weevil (or snout beetle) is strongly attracted to sprouting stumps, resulting in such low infestation levels that chemical control can be omitted.22 To distract leaf-eating beetles from crop trees, 'pull hedges' can be grown from eucalyptus shoots at the edge of managed areas (between separate FMUs) and at the boundary of nursery seedbeds. Other native plants and robust eucalyptus species which leaf-eating beetles attack preferentially can be interplanted between tree lines to distract beetles from seedlings. This method has been used for a long time in Australia. E.g. by interplanting Eucalyptus grandis with the species E. dunnii, damage to E. grandis caused by Christmas beetles (Anoplognathus chloropyrus) can be minimized. The species E. dunnii is a preferred food plant of Christmas beetles and tolerates extensive defoliation for several successive years (Carne & Taylor 1978).23Alternative Trial:YesAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:ReplacementPest Type:Insect
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1011Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Australia and New Zealand, OceaniaCountries:AustraliaForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Manual removal of wildlingsAlternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:RemovalPest Type:Pine wildlings
- Author(s):Worm, Loa DalgaardPublication Year:2020-09-11Source:Publication Type:Podcast, Recording, oralCode:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international941Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:Research communityImpact dashboardResearch portal+ 7
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1012Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Northern Europe, EuropeCountries:United KingdomForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Behaviour-modifying chemicals – particularly sex attractant pheromones, bark beetle attractants and host tree volatiles – can be used both to monitor pest populations and to prevent or divert attacks.Bark beetles, especially in the genus Ips, produce attractant chemicals, derived partially from thehost tree itself, to alert other beetles to the presence of suitable host material. These chemicalshave been identified and synthesised and many are available commercially. Ips typographus, theEuropean eight-toothed spruce bark beetle, is potentially one of the most dangerous pests ofspruce in Europe and is not yet present in Britain. Pheromone traps, baited with the I. typographusattractant, have been deployed at ports and wood processing yards for a number of years and haveallowed plant health inspectors to respond to infringements of import regulations. Other possibleuses of pheromones are to disrupt successful mating through saturation of the atmosphere so thatmales are unable to locate females within the general pheromone atmosphere. Alternativetechniques, such as target technology, can be used to attract pests to a source impregnated withinsecticides or microbial agents so that the pests can be killed without broadcast sprays of insecticide.Alternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:ReductionPest Type:Insect
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1013Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Northern Europe, EuropeCountries:United KingdomForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Mixtures can be used to provide an insurance when the risk of disease is not clear, e.g. it is recommended that wild cherry (Prunus avium) forms no more than 10% of any new or restocked woodland because of the risk of it succumbing to bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv.Morsprunorum). In some situations mixtures can effectively delay or reduce the build-up of a pest within a plantation, for example the use of a mixed beech/conifer plantation can reduce the impact of beech bark disease. However, it must be recognised that there are some disadvantages to mixtures in terms of ease of management and productivity.Alternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:ReductionPest Type:Disease
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1014Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Australia and New Zealand, OceaniaCountries:AustraliaForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Aid distribution of black berry rust.Alternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:ReductionPest Type:Weed
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1015Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Northern AmericaCountries:CanadaForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:NEBIE Trials - study the effects of different silvicultural intensitiesAlternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Ongoing researchMethod:ReductionPest Type:Weed
- Author(s):Worm, Loa DalgaardPublication Year:2021-08-11Source:Publication Type:Podcast, Recording, oralCode:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international942Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:Forest solutionsEcosystem servicesCarbon calculation+ 13
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international1016Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Australia and New Zealand, OceaniaCountries:AustraliaForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:On suitable sites - windrow harvest slash to enable planting access to avoid burning and minimise germination of acacia and other woody weedsAlternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:ReductionPest Type:Weed
- Author(s):Worm, Loa DalgaardPublication Year:2022-09-19Source:Publication Type:PodcastCode:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international943Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:general assemblyfscmembers+ 18
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international993Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Australia and New Zealand, OceaniaCountries:AustraliaForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Chopper rolling prior to plantingAlternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:ReductionPest Type:Pine wildlings
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international994Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsActive Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Podisus nigrispinus and Supputius cincticeps are predators of lepidopteran defoliating insects, especially of eucalyptus brown looper Thyrinteina arnobia. Natural enemies can be promoted by reducing weed control (retaining weeds between trees) and preserving natural forests on part of the managed area (appropriate to scale of the plantation). Regulation of lepidopteran defoliators (such as Euselasia apisaon) is enhanced where fragments of natural vegetation are present, e.g. through increased predation parasitoid wasps (Murta el al 2008; Zanuncio et al 2009)Alternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategyMethod:ReductionPest Type:Insect
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international995Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Australia and New Zealand, OceaniaCountries:AustraliaForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Biological Control - Establish trap trees to attack sirex and aid the distribution of a specific nematodeAlternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategy - BiocontrolMethod:RemovalPest Type:Insect
- Author(s):Publication Year:2014Source:Publication Type:Code:Access Rights:Access to the Study:Certification Body:Version Number:Status:Effective Date:Language:enLicense Code:Name of the Company:Permanent Resource Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.34800/fsc-international996Relevance for FSC Standard Developers:Sponsors:Sustainability dimension(s):Topics:Issues:Subject Keywords:PesticidesChemicalsRegions:Northern Europe, EuropeCountries:United KingdomForest Zones:Forest Type:Tenure Ownership:Tenure Management:Active Ingredient:Alternative Strategy:Use of pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, both directly within spray programmes and indirectly by manipulating populations of the pathogen, can result in regulation of pest populations with little or no impact on non-target organisms. There are few examples of microbial pesticides currently approved for use in British forestry. However, the bacterial agent Bacillus thuringiensis has been used successfully against many of the most serious lepidopteran defoliators globally. Particular success has been achieved against spruce budworm in North America and against gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and nun moth (Lymantria monacha) in western and central Europe. Viral agents offer the highest levels of specificity and are often instrumental in the natural decline of populations of forest insects, many of which are pests. The potential use of baculoviruses against pine beauty moth (Panolis flammea) is described under the specific examples section (page 31). Successful control of European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) in young pine plantations was achieved with its specific baculovirus, registered as Virox, but this effective and selective control agent is no longer available since the registration has lapsed, due to the demise of the company distributing the virus.Alternative Trial:NoAlternative Type:Specific strategy - BiocontrolMethod:ReductionPest Type:Insect