Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals

Regions: Northern America

Countries: Canada

Alternative Strategy: Study the effects of early herbaceous and woody vegetation control on Eastern White Pine

Alternative Method: Reduction

Alternative Trial: No

Alternative Type: Good management practice

Pest Type: Weed

Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals

Regions: Northern Europe, Europe

Countries: Sweden

Alternative Strategy: A new method for the physical protection of conifer seedlings against feeding damage by Hylobius abietis, is described and evaluated in field trials in Swedish forest plantations Nordlander et al (2009)5. A mixture of fine sand and a 'glue' dispersion is used to protect the seedlings:The lower 60% of the stem of the seedling is protected by the Conniflex coating, consisting of fine sand (grain size = 0.2 mm) embedded in an acrylate dispersion that remains flexible after drying.Seedlings are treated in the nursery by a large-scale application procedure involving four steps: (i) spraying the seedlings with water; (ii) application of fixative to the lower sections of the stems, (iii) application of fine sand to the fixative; and (iv) drying of the fixative.A field experiment over three seasons demonstrated a significant increase in survival.for coated seedlings compared with untreated seedlings. The survival rate increased from 29% to 97% for Scots pine and from 26% to 86% for Norway spruce. Coating the lower 30% of the stem (instead of 60%) provided inferior protection, resulting in only 64% survival in spruce.Field trials in 11 commercial plantation areas indicated that the Conniflex sand coating was as effective in protecting seedlings as treatment with the insecticide imidacloprid.The new method of coating conifer seedlings with fine sand provides an effective and environmentally sound alternative to insecticide treatment.Successful protection was also showed using wax coating (Watson 1999)6, and latex coating (Shtykova et al. 2008)7.

Alternative Method: Reduction

Alternative Trial: Yes

Alternative Type: Specific strategy

Pest Type: Insect

Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals

Regions: Northern America

Countries: Canada

Alternative Strategy: Study the regeneration of Ontario Boreal Mixedwoods: Effects of Herbaceous Vegetation Control and Aspen Stem Density on Boreal Mixedwood Stand Development

Alternative Method: Reduction

Alternative Trial: No

Alternative Type: Ongoing research

Pest Type: Weed

Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals

Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania

Countries: Australia

Alternative Strategy: Elders Forestry has piloted a system of taking harvest residues deposited at harvest landings after in field chip operations and mulching and re-distributing them across the site to provide a mulched layer which returns nutrients in harvest residues back to the site. This will dramatically reduce the fertiliser requirements for 2R plantations which currently require large inputs of chemical fertiliser to remain productive.

Alternative Method: Reduction, Removal

Alternative Trial: Yes

Alternative Type: Good management practice

Pest Type: Weed

Subject Keywords: blockchain value chain beta pilot

Subject Keywords: remedy restoration ecosystems