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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds at establishment second rotation)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Control is based upon the weeds present and the weeds likely to be present, environmental or operational restrictions, soil type and characteristics (fine sand 1st rotation sites tend to blow away with broadcast spraying resulting in top soil erosion and sand blasting of seedlings), topography, site preparation method (spot cultivation, mounding, line marking only), preferred application method (aerial or ground based) and for second year weed control sites the growth already achieved since planting. Under advice from the research section, where practical, expensive and high application rate are used low rate, lower risk and lower cost products can be substituted.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Good management practice
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds include a range of annual and perennial grasses and broadleaved weeds, germinating broadleaved weeds and exotic scrub species such as gorse, broom, buddleia and grasses.)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: New Zealand
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    Alternative Strategy: GPS Linked Flow Metering. In conjunction with aerial applicators Timberlands Limited are trialling flow metering linked to GPS. If successful this will allow application rates to vary depending on the known plant pest infestation. Therefore rather than applying a rate to control the worst infested areas across the entire site, lower rates can be applied to areas of lower infestation. This will lead to less active ingredient being applied to the site.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Good management practice
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds include a range of annual and perennial grasses and broadleaved weeds, germinating broadleaved weeds and exotic scrub species such as gorse, broom, buddleia and grasses.)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: New Zealand
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    Alternative Strategy: Application Rate Reduction. Timberlands Limited have trialled different rates on the many weed species and infestation levels. This has allowed Timberlands Limited to best select the herbicide and rates for the control required. In most cases this has lead to an active ingredient rate being applied lower than recommended by the pesticide manufacturer and label detail. It should be noted that the rate of Terbuthylazine has reduced from around 20l/ha to between 12 and 15 l/ha over the past 15 years. These trials are continuing in conjunction with the flow metering and Callisto trials.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Good management practice
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Animal (Possum, Browsing mammals)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: New Zealand
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    Alternative Strategy: In New Zealand, significant progress towards a bait-delivered contraceptive vaccine for possums is expected within the near future. The system of delivery still poses some challenges and immigration of fertile animals from non-treated areas may compensate for treatment effects. Population models indicated that fertility control can be effective where population reduction does not have to be as rapid as lethal techniques, or where the objective is to maintain a population at low levels established previously with exclusion or lethal techniques. Fertility control is not likely to be useful for short-term, localized management of browsing damage, e.g. during the establishment phase
    Alternative Method: Replacement
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Animal
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Insect (Costalimeita ferruginea, Yellow beetle)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is a bacterial insecticide (biopesticide). Subspecies of B.t. control certain types of pest insect effectively. Commercial products for control of lepidopteran defoliating insects are usually based on Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, or Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai (Van Driesche et al 2008). Using B. thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki is a suitable method for controlling Thyrinteina arnobia if predatory and parasitic insects are to be preseserved. B.t. is equally effective as insecticides (Pereira 2007). For the integrated management of Thyrinteina, its occurrence and population densities need to be monitored. Biopesticides based on B. thuringiensis are only effective when applied to larval stages of pest insects at appropriate times. B.t. can be combined with a chemical insecticide (Zanuncio et al 1992). But if applied in time B.t. is effective on its own.A combination of Beauveria bassiana (strain GHA) and Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis increased mortality of Colorodo beetle larvae (Coleoptera) synergistically (Wraight & Ramos 2005), This approach of combining B.t. and Beauveria bassiana merits to be tested also on Costalimaita.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy - Biocontrol
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds of firebreaks)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: A combination of glyphosate and imazypyr. Imazypyr has long residual action and is being trialled on firebreaks to see if it reduces the number of times firebreaks must be sprayed.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Weed (Broadacre pre-emergent weed control in eucalypt plantations)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Improve timing of site preparation to reduce the need for post plant weed control and residual weed control. Plant large nutrient-loaded trees with browsing repellent applied to assist trees getting above weed height quickly.
    Alternative Method: Removal
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds which compete with Blue Gums at establishment)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Elders Forestry has piloted a system of taking harvest residues deposited at harvest landings after in field chip operations and mulching and re-distributing them across the site to provide a mulched layer which suppresses weed growth
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Dendroctonus micans, Great spruce bark beetle)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern Europe, Europe
    Countries: United Kingdom
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    Alternative Strategy: Another successful example of biological control has been the rearing and release of the imported predatory beetle Rhizophagus grandis to control the great spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans.
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy - Biocontrol
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Perennial herbaceous weeds, woody brush and tree species associated with Boreal Forestry use)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern America
    Countries: Canada
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    Alternative Strategy: Reduction of herbicide use for conifer stand establishment by minimizing harvesting site disturbance through training, equipment advances and monitoring.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Good management practice
    Pest Type: Weed
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