Pesticides Alternatives

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https://open.fsc.org/handle/resource/1138
It is part of FSC’s Pest Management Policy to support derogation holders to phase out the use of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs). To do so, FSC has implemented a database in which interested stakeholders will find alternative strategies/practices/products that have previously been implemented by forest managers. These alternatives have been selected following the 3R principle: Reduction, Replacement, Removal with the ultimate objective of abandoning the use of HHPs.

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Pesticides Alternatives Search Results

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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Pine wildlings (Competing pine wildlings)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Chopper rolling prior to planting
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Pine wildlings
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Insect (Thyrinteina arnobia, Eucalyptus brown looper)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: Podisus nigrispinus and Supputius cincticeps are predators of lepidopteran defoliating insects, especially of eucalyptus brown looper Thyrinteina arnobia. Natural enemies can be promoted by reducing weed control (retaining weeds between trees) and preserving natural forests on part of the managed area (appropriate to scale of the plantation). Regulation of lepidopteran defoliators (such as Euselasia apisaon) is enhanced where fragments of natural vegetation are present, e.g. through increased predation parasitoid wasps (Murta el al 2008; Zanuncio et al 2009)
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Sirex noctilio, Sirex wasp)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Biological Control - Establish trap trees to attack sirex and aid the distribution of a specific nematode
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy - Biocontrol
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Insect (Spruce budworm, Gypsy moth, Nun moth, Pine beauty moth, European pine sawfly)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern Europe, Europe
    Countries: United Kingdom
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    Alternative Strategy: Use of pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, both directly within spray programmes and indirectly by manipulating populations of the pathogen, can result in regulation of pest populations with little or no impact on non-target organisms. There are few examples of microbial pesticides currently approved for use in British forestry. However, the bacterial agent Bacillus thuringiensis has been used successfully against many of the most serious lepidopteran defoliators globally. Particular success has been achieved against spruce budworm in North America and against gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and nun moth (Lymantria monacha) in western and central Europe. Viral agents offer the highest levels of specificity and are often instrumental in the natural decline of populations of forest insects, many of which are pests. The potential use of baculoviruses against pine beauty moth (Panolis flammea) is described under the specific examples section (page 31). Successful control of European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) in young pine plantations was achieved with its specific baculovirus, registered as Virox, but this effective and selective control agent is no longer available since the registration has lapsed, due to the demise of the company distributing the virus.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy - Biocontrol
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Animal (Sheep, Rabbit, Rat, Browsing mammals)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: Highly unpleasant chemicals can be used for conditioned taste aversion. E.g. cynarine, a very bitter ingredient of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) or artichoke thistle (wild artichoke C. cardunculus) is physiologically active and stimulates biliary secretion (Panizzi & Scarpati 1954). Extract of artichoke.leaves or a paste made from artichoke powder could have similar properties as purified cynarine. Extract or powder of bitter lupine (white lupine, Lupinus albus) might be an effective emetic. Lupine contains alkaloids that are toxic to grazing sheep, especially in autumn during the plant's seeding stage. It has a bitter taste and animals will avoid this if other food sources are present (Hartmann 1991). Trials on the aversive effect of cynarine (or possibly artichoke extract) and bitter lupine extract could clarify if either of these can be used for conditioned taste aversion, by treating the bark of vulnerable trees. A chemical that acts as an emetic in rabbits is lithium chloride (Wiggins et al 1989). Another chemical emetic is cyclophosphamide. A botanical compound with a likely taste aversive effect is red squill, which is extracted from the bulb of red squill (Urginea scilla) or white squill (U. maritima). It contains bitter glucosides and is used as a rodenticide for poisoning rats. In most animals other than rats (which cannot vomit), red squill acts as an emetic and induces vomiting (ICWDM 2005).
    Alternative Method: Replacement
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Animal
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Insect (Atta cephalotes, Leafcutter ant)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: Baits (wheat bran and orange juice) containing the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (strain M-137), or the antagonist fungus, Trichoderma viride (strain T-26) to Attamyces sp., or a combination of both entomopathogenic and antagonist fungi were applied to control A. cephalotes nests in the laboratory and field. In the laboratory, control of the ant nests treated with any fungal treatment proved 100% effective. Under field conditions, the fungal baits were compared to the chemical Pirimiphos methyl, which was applied with an air pump. The mortality of the bait-treated nests was 100% with M. anisopliae and the combined fungal treatment, and 80% mortality in the treatment with T. viride, whereas the mortality with Pirimiphos methyl was effective in 60% of the nests. Additionally, a week after application of these treatments, changes in the ants' behavior were observed, reflected mainly in the absence of foraging activity. Thus, M. anisopliae and T. viride were effective in controlling A. cephalotes nests under laboratory and field conditions, and superior to the chemical Pirimiphos methyl.
    Alternative Method: Replacement
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Perennial herbaceous weeds, woody brush and tree species associated with Boreal Forestry use)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern America
    Countries: Canada
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    Alternative Strategy: Study the effects of underplanting conifer seedlings within a commercially thinned forest without herbicide use
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Perennial herbaceous weeds, woody brush and tree species associated with Boreal Forestry use)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern America
    Countries: Canada
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    Alternative Strategy: Study how large quick growing conifer planting stock will naturally compete with onsite vegetation without herbicides
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds at second rotation)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: On second rotations sites weed control begins prior to final harvesting with the aim of removing woody weeds and reducing weed seed loadings before site preparation commences. Under canopy treatment is standard practice which significantly reduces the potential for off site chemical
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Weed (Persicaria perfoliata, Mile a minute weed )
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern America
    Countries: United States of America
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    Alternative Strategy: A stem-boring weevil, Rhinoncomimus latipes was determined to be host-specific to mile-a-minute weed and its host specificity was later validated in a field test with closely related members of the Polygonaceae, in field cages, weevils were shown to delay seed production, stunt plants by causing loss of apical dominance, and cause mortality of P. perfoliata in the presence of competing vegetation
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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