The contribution of FSC certification to biodiversity in Estonian forests
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of FSC certi cation to biodiversity in the Estonian forest. The bene ts for forest biodi- versity are most apparent regarding preserving different dead wood types, prohibiting forest drainage, and maintaining noble hardwoods. These conservation requirements are not covered by Estonian legislation. FSC also contributes to a larger tree species variation, more retained trees in harvested areas, and protection of large Woodland Key Habitats. The impacts of these considerations have been validated based on scienti c literature. When evaluating the FSC impact one must keep in mind that biodiversity is only one of the three pillars of FSC and sustainable forestry, together with social considerations and economic viability. FSC certi cation shall be seen as an effective and complementary tool to other conservation practices.