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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Competing woody weeds at year 1 and browsing damage in first 6 months after planting)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Experimenting with polymer coated fertilisers that can be placed in the planting hole in direct contact with the root ball. Early indications are that this may lead to rapid initial growth and hence reduce the need for post plant weed control and browsing animal control.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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  • Thumbnail Image
    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: Together with the Site Management Research Co-op, certificate holders optimised area and duration of spot treatment of weeds in radiata pine. A decision support for weed management during establishment is available („V-MAN‟). Future Forests Research supports research on management of radiata pine or diverse species
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Cultivation practice
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Weed (Gorse, Skeleton weed, Blackberry)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: Mycoherbicides are microbial pathogens which (ideally) control certain introduced plants selectively. Many rusts are highly host-specific, affecting only few or a single plant species. Besides the fungus Fusarium tumidum which attacks gorse, mycoherbicides include the rust Puccinia chondrillina that successfully controls skeleton weed (Davenhill 1997), the rust Phragmidium violaceum used against blackberry (Rubus) species (Julien & Griffiths 1998), and the fungus Chondrostereum purpureum which for control of stump sprouting of broad-leaved trees (Becker 2005).
    Alternative Method: Replacement
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Alternative Strategy: Cultivation (ploughing): Site cultivation can improve growth conditions by disturbance of existing pest plants, cultivation of the soil and compaction relief. However it does not avoid herbicide use as cultivation also stimulates competing weed vegetation. Used in combination with an appropriate herbicide application, site cultivation can reduce the number of herbicide applications required.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Insect (Yellow beetle)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: South America, Latin America and the Caribbean
    Countries: Brazil
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    Alternative Strategy: A simple but highly effective method for preventing damage from yellow beetles in Brazil is to leave sprouting tree stumps in plantations (at least two months before adult beetles appear). Seedlings are planted among leftover, sprouting tree stumps. Beetles preferentially feed on sprouts ('pull plants') and are distracted from the young seedlings (Anjos & Majer 2003).21 This method gave good results in all cases where beetle density was not high enough to consume the foliage of sprouts on stumps. It is likely to be also effective with various other beetle species. A research institute in Portugal, RAIZ, has been studying this simple and highly effective alternative for several years. They found that Eucalyptus weevils (Gonipterus scutellatus) can be effectively managed by cutting several Eucalyptus trees and leaving the cut tree stumps in plantations. The Eucalyptus weevil (or snout beetle) is strongly attracted to sprouting stumps, resulting in such low infestation levels that chemical control can be omitted.22 To distract leaf-eating beetles from crop trees, 'pull hedges' can be grown from eucalyptus shoots at the edge of managed areas (between separate FMUs) and at the boundary of nursery seedbeds. Other native plants and robust eucalyptus species which leaf-eating beetles attack preferentially can be interplanted between tree lines to distract beetles from seedlings. This method has been used for a long time in Australia. E.g. by interplanting Eucalyptus grandis with the species E. dunnii, damage to E. grandis caused by Christmas beetles (Anoplognathus chloropyrus) can be minimized. The species E. dunnii is a preferred food plant of Christmas beetles and tolerates extensive defoliation for several successive years (Carne & Taylor 1978).23
    Alternative Method: Replacement
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Weed (Weeds which compete with Blue Gums at establishment)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Trialled 'scalping' physical removal of suface 10 cm of soil for 50 cm on either side of the planting line as an alternative to chemical weed control. Weeds encroached rapidly from unscalped edges, in some areas resluted in erosion, restricited growth due to removal of surface organic layer containing most soil available nutrients
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Weed (Weeds which compete with Blue Gums at establishment)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: A pre-emergent screening trial on second rotation sites to test efficacy of traditional first rotation herbicide prescriptions found the most effective prescription was the combination of simazine and mesotrione which allows for a 50% reduction in the use of simazine and give superior control of the predominantly broadleaved weeds found on 2R sites. Eucmix, containing no simazine also gave good control but is not suitable for all soil types.
    Alternative Method: Replacement
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Hylobius abietis, Large pine weevil)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern Europe, Europe
    Countries: Ireland
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    Alternative Strategy: Insect-killing FungusMetarhizium was not effective enough at it's current dose. More work (nematodes & fungi) runs 2010-2013
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Ongoing research
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Hylobius abietis, Large pine weevil)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern Europe, Europe
    Countries: Ireland
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    Alternative Strategy: Fallowing Might be an option on upland sites where competing vegetation is not a major issue. As weevils only emerge from stumps for the first 4-5 years after felling, one obvious option would be to delay replanting until the number of emerging weevils falls below economically damaging levels.
    Alternative Method: Removal
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    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Hylobius abietis, Large pine weevil)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Northern Europe, Europe
    Countries: Ireland
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    Alternative Strategy: Insect-killing nematodes have been used for decades in horticulture, but their use in forestry is relatively new. In small-scale trials, when nematodes were applied to stumps 12-24 months after felling, the number of adult H. abietis emerging from nematode-treated stumps was significantly reduced (Dillon et al., 2006, 2007). Based on those, and other trials, the recommended rate of application for pine weevil control is 3.5 million nematodes per stump, applied in 0.5 L of water.
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: Yes
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy - Biocontrol
    Pest Type: Insect
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