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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Weeds at establishment second rotation)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Control is based upon the weeds present and the weeds likely to be present, environmental or operational restrictions, soil type and characteristics (fine sand 1st rotation sites tend to blow away with broadcast spraying resulting in top soil erosion and sand blasting of seedlings), topography, site preparation method (spot cultivation, mounding, line marking only), preferred application method (aerial or ground based) and for second year weed control sites the growth already achieved since planting. Under advice from the research section, where practical, expensive and high application rate are used low rate, lower risk and lower cost products can be substituted.
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Good management practice
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Animal (Possum, Browsing mammals)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: New Zealand
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    Alternative Strategy: In New Zealand, significant progress towards a bait-delivered contraceptive vaccine for possums is expected within the near future. The system of delivery still poses some challenges and immigration of fertile animals from non-treated areas may compensate for treatment effects. Population models indicated that fertility control can be effective where population reduction does not have to be as rapid as lethal techniques, or where the objective is to maintain a population at low levels established previously with exclusion or lethal techniques. Fertility control is not likely to be useful for short-term, localized management of browsing damage, e.g. during the establishment phase
    Alternative Method: Replacement
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Animal
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Weed (Broadacre pre-emergent weed control in eucalypt plantations)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Improve timing of site preparation to reduce the need for post plant weed control and residual weed control. Plant large nutrient-loaded trees with browsing repellent applied to assist trees getting above weed height quickly.
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Competing woody weeds at year 1)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Cultural Weed controlReduce chemical input at plantation establishment by: - Achieving rapid initial growth – reduces the time availability for weed species to become established - Good site preparation - good site preparation reduces weed growth, maximises the seedling opportunity to survive and grow, disadvantages existing weeds, and reduces the risk of poor planting technique - Planting espacement – close spacing reduces weed capacity to survive
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Replacement of Animal (Possum)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: New Zealand
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    Alternative Strategy: Oral poison based upon Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol). In a larger trial (on 100 ha) it reduced brushtail possum, (an invasive species) by 93.7%, mice by 100%, and rat numbers by 95.5%. A lower content of cholecalciferol (0.4%) was as effective as 0.8%, which reduces costs. However, there are some palatability problems and degradation can reduce effectiveness in damp weather. Cholecalciferol can be applied in a gel bait to prevent the chemical from getting wet. It is also relatively expensive .
    Alternative Method: Replacement
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Animal
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Weed (Competing woody weeds at year d 1 and 2 - particularly Acacia spp)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: On suitable sites - windrow harvest slash to enable planting access to avoid burning and minimise germination of acacia and other woody weeds
    Alternative Method: Reduction
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    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Weed
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Sirex noctilio, Sirex wasp)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Biological Control - A suite of specific predatory insects, Rhyssa, Megarhyssa and Ibalia
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy - Biocontrol
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Reduction of Coppice (Stumps coppice vigorously post harvesting and compete with subsequent crops where a coppice crop is not being managed, control previously resulted in high herbicide use rates, operator exposure to herbicide and non target application of herbicide)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Apply herbicide through the saw bar at harvest, reduces chemical use (only glyphosate used, no metsulfuron methyl or pulse adjuvant required), reduced operator exposure to herbicide and reduced non-target impact
    Alternative Method: Reduction
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Coppice
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Insect (Heteronychus arator, African black beetle)
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    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Using a mesh bag around the root ball and lower stem of the seedling at planting as a barrier to grazing insects 100% control was acheived at a lower cost.
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Insect
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    Pesticides alternative strategy for Removal of Pine wildlings (Competing pine wildlings)
    Author(s):
    Publication Year: 2014
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    Subject Keywords: Pesticides Chemicals
    Regions: Australia and New Zealand, Oceania
    Countries: Australia
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    Alternative Strategy: Manual removal of wildlings
    Alternative Method: Removal
    Active Ingredient:
    Alternative Trial: No
    Alternative Type: Specific strategy
    Pest Type: Pine wildlings
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